Canon EOS 7D

Overall conclusion

If you are looking at the pros and cons list above you could be forgiven for getting the impression that we somehow struggled to populate the cons list with a number of bullet points that comes at least close to what you can see in the pros department. You are not mistaken. The EOS 7D is an excellent addition to Canon's range of APS-C DSLRs that is, in terms of build quality, speed of operation, ergonomics and image quality, a cut above Canon's previous APS-C flagship, the EOS 50D.

In some respects the 7D is even a better camera than the EOS 5D Mark II and a viable alternative for all those who do not want or need a camera with a full-frame sensor. Its eight frames per second continuous shooting speed and highly flexible AF system might even make it a consideration for credit-crunch battered sports photographers on a budget.

The EOS 7D's specification and current pricing make it also look very good next to its most direct competitor in the enthusiast bracket of the market, the Nikon D300S. It offers a higher nominal resolution and maximum sensitivity, better movie mode specification and slightly faster continuous shooting speed than its Nikon rival; but having said that, in many ways the two cameras are not too dissimilar, and it will be down to personal taste and probably your lens collection if you prefer one over the other.

Image Quality

The EOS 7D delivers impressive image quality across the sensitivity range. At base ISO its output comes with excellent per-pixel sharpness which, in combination with the 18 MP nominal resolution, results in exceptional image detail in this class of camera. In most situations the lens, rather than the camera, is likely to be the limiting factor. In terms of default tone curve and color response the 7D delivers the usual Canon look which is good news if you are thinking about upgrading from another model.

Despite the highest nominal resolution of all APS-C DSLRs and therefore a very small pixel-pitch the EOS 7D performs very well in low light situations and manages to maintain a good balance between image detail and noise reduction up to very high sensitivities. It's visibly better than the EOS 50D and as good as it gets in the APS-C class (if you prefer the 7D or Nikon D300S in this respect is probably a matter of taste). If you require significantly better high ISO performance than the EOS 7D can provide, your only option is to move into the full-frame segment.

There are only a couple of comparatively minor quibbles in the image quality department. The 7D is another camera in a long list of Canon DSLRs that don't do white balance under artificial light. Use custom white balance or shoot RAW if you need your whites to be white. Shooting RAW is also a good counter-measure against the camera's occasional tendency to slightly overexpose contrasty scenes. If you could not be bothered to dial in some negative exposure compensation the 1.0 EV RAW headroom is a safety cushion to fall back on.

Handling

The 7D looks and feels like a quality product. It's solidly built, comes with a weather-sealed magnesium body and has a very pleasant quality feel to it when you hold it in your hands. The chunky grip is well-shaped and comes with a rubberized surface.

On the new model Canon has made a few subtle changes to the user interface that nevertheless have made operation more straightforward and logical. It is now very easy to switch between stills and movie modes and live view almost instantly. This is clearly a step forward in terms of integrating movie recording as a viable feature rather than a last-minute bolt-on. The dedicated Q-button and -menu offer a good alternative to changing settings via the new, bigger hard buttons which, despite of being optimized for usage with gloves, are comfortable and easy to use in any condition.

Another advantage of the 7D is its customizability. The function of almost every button can be changed which should satisfy even the most eccentric and specialist photographic requirements. The same is true for the new AF system which offers an abundance of AF point selection and focusing options.

All in all the Canon EOS 7D is a camera that is joy to shoot with. The user interface has been noticeably improved over previous Canon DSLRs and is highly customizable. The Dual Digic 4 processors ensure speedy operation and you'll hardly ever find yourself waiting for the camera.

Conclusion - Pros

• Class-leading detail and resolution at base ISO, good per-pixel sharpness
• Very good low-light performance, low noise levels and good retention of detail
• 8 frames per second continuous shooting speed
• Thanks to Dual Digic 4 processors very quick and responsive performance
• Excellent build quality with magnesium body and environmental sealing
• Good ergonomics, well shaped and comfortable hand grip
• Improved button and control layout over 50D/5D Mark II
• Highly customizable user interface
• On-screen Q-Menu offers good alternative for access to shooting settings
• Large and bright viewfinder with 1.0x magnification and 100% coverage
• Highly flexible new AF system with 19 cross-type sensors
• (Relatively) quick contrast detect AF in live view
• Good quality 1080/720p video output with a range of frame rates
• Easy switch between stills mode, movie mode and live view
• External microphone socket
• Useful highlight tone priority mode
• Reliable flash exposures
• Wireless flash control
• Optional wireless and battery grips
• Dual axis electronic level
• Good battery life
• Comprehensive software bundle

Conclusion - Cons

• Unreliable white balance under artificial lighting
• Slight tendency to overexpose in contrasty conditions
• Occasional jagged lines in 720p video
• No built-in AF illuminator

Key features

• 18MP APS-C CMOS sensor
• 8 frames per second continuous shooting
• 1080p HD video recording with manual controls
• 3.0 inch Clear View II LCD screen with 920,000 dots
• 19-point AF system (all cross-type)
• 1.0x magnification and 100% coverage viewfinder
• Wireless flash control
• Environmental sealing

The final word

The Canon EOS 7D is a camera that can convince in all areas, and at its current pricing is going to be a very serious competitor for Nikon's flagship APS-C DSLR, the D300S. It offers excellent image quality in all shooting situations and an impressive speed of operation, combined with very good build quality and ergonomics. Both its specification and the results of our testing make it a very easy recommendation.

Detail (D-SLR)	Rating (out of 10)
Build quality	9.5
Ergonomics & handling	9.0
Features	9.5
Image quality	9.0
Performance (speed)	9.0
Value	9.0

Highly Recommended

November 2009, by Lars Rehm and Richard Butler

Understanding Stress Signs, Symptoms, Causes, and Effects

Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress isn’t always bad. In small doses, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best. But when you’re constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pay the price.

If you frequently find yourself feeling frazzled and overwhelmed, it’s time to take action to bring your nervous system back into balance. You can protect yourself by learning how to recognize the signs and symptoms of stress and taking steps to reduce its harmful effects.

What is stress?

The Body’s Stress Response

When you perceive a threat, your nervous system responds by releasing a flood of stress hormones, including adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones rouse the body for emergency action.

Your heart pounds faster, muscles tighten, blood pressure rises, breath quickens, and your senses become sharper. These physical changes increase your strength and stamina, speed your reaction time, and enhance your focus – preparing you to either fight or flee from the danger at hand.

Stress is a normal physical response to events that make you feel threatened or upset your balance in some way. When you sense danger – whether it’s real or imagined – the body's defenses kick into high gear in a rapid, automatic process known as the “fight-or-flight” reaction, or the stress response.

The stress response is the body’s way of protecting you. When working properly, it helps you stay focused, energetic, and alert. In emergency situations, stress can save your life – giving you extra strength to defend yourself, for example, or spurring you to slam on the brakes to avoid an accident.

The stress response also helps you rise to meet challenges. Stress is what keeps you on your toes during a presentation at work, sharpens your concentration when you’re attempting the game-winning free throw, or drives you to study for an exam when you'd rather be watching TV.

But beyond a certain point, stress stops being helpful and starts causing major damage to your health, your mood, your productivity, your relationships, and your quality of life.

Effects of chronic stress

The body doesn’t distinguish between physical and psychological threats. When you’re stressed over a busy schedule, an argument with a friend, a traffic jam, or a mountain of bills, your body reacts just as strongly as if you were facing a life-or-death situation. If you have a lot of responsibilities and worries, your emergency stress response may be “on” most of the time. The more your body’s stress system is activated, the easier it is to trip and the harder it is to shut off.

Long-term exposure to stress can lead to serious health problems. Chronic stress disrupts nearly every system in your body. It can raise blood pressure, suppress the immune system, increase the risk of heart attack and stroke, contribute to infertility, and speed up the aging process. Long-term stress can even rewire the brain, leaving you more vulnerable to anxiety and depression.

Many health problems are caused or exacerbated by stress, including:

Pain of any kind Heart disease Digestive problems Sleep problems

Depression Obesity Autoimmune diseases Skin conditions, such as eczema

How much stress is too much?

Because of the widespread damage stress can cause, it’s important to know your own limit. But just how much stress is “too much” differs from person to person. Some people roll with the punches, while others crumble at the slightest obstacle or frustration. Some people even seem to thrive on the excitement and challenge of a high-stress lifestyle.

Your ability to tolerate stress depends on many factors, including the quality of your relationships, your general outlook on life, your emotional intelligence, and genetics.

Things that influence your stress tolerance level

• Your support network – A strong network of supportive friends and family members is an enormous buffer against life’s stressors. On the flip side, the more lonely and isolated you are, the greater your vulnerability to stress.
• Your sense of control – If you have confidence in yourself and your ability to influence events and persevere through challenges, it’s easier to take stress in stride. People who are vulnerable to stress tend to feel like things are out of their control.
• Your attitude and outlook – Stress-hardy people have an optimistic attitude. They tend to embrace challenges, have a strong sense of humor, accept that change is a part of life, and believe in a higher power or purpose.
• Your ability to deal with your emotions. You’re extremely vulnerable to stress if you don’t know how to calm and soothe yourself when you’re feeling sad, angry, or afraid. The ability to bring your emotions into balance helps you bounce back from adversity.
• Your knowledge and preparation – The more you know about a stressful situation, including how long it will last and what to expect, the easier it is to cope. For example, if you go into surgery with a realistic picture of what to expect post-op, a painful recovery will be less traumatic than if you were expecting to bounce back immediately.

Am I in control of stress or is stress controlling me?

• When I feel agitated, do I know how to quickly calm and soothe myself?
• Can I easily let go of my anger?
• Can I turn to others at work to help me calm down and feel better?
• When I come home at night, do I walk in the door feeling alert and relaxed?
• Am I seldom distracted or moody?
• Am I able to recognize upsets that others seem to be experiencing?
• Do I easily turn to friends or family members for a calming influence?
• When my energy is low, do I know how to boost it?

Source: The Language of Emotional Intelligence by Jeanne Segal, Ph.D.

Causes of stress

Top Ten Stressful Life Events

1. Spouse’s death
2. Divorce
3. Marriage separation
4. Jail term
5. Death of a close relative
6. Injury or illness
7. Marriage
8. Fired from job
9. Marriage reconciliation
10. Retirement

The situations and pressures that cause stress are known as stressors. We usually think of stressors as being negative, such as an exhausting work schedule or a rocky relationship.

However, anything that puts high demands on you or forces you to adjust can be stressful. This includes positive events such as getting married, buying a house, going to college, or receiving a promotion.

What causes stress depends, at least in part, on your perception of it. Something that's stressful to you may not faze someone else; they may even enjoy it.

For example, your morning commute may make you anxious and tense because you worry that traffic will make you late. Others, however, may find the trip relaxing because they allow more than enough time and enjoy listening to music while they drive.

Common external causes of stress

Not all stress is caused by external factors. Stress can also be self-generated:

Major life changes Work Relationship difficulties

Financial problems Being too busy Children and family

Common internal causes of stress

Not all stress is caused by external factors. Stress can also be self-generated:

Inability to accept uncertainty Pessimism Negative self-talk

Unrealistic expectations Perfectionism Lack of assertiveness

What's stressful for you may be quite different from what's stressful to your best friend, your spouse, or the person next door. For example:

• Some people enjoy speaking in public; others are terrified.
• Some people are more productive under deadline pressure; others are miserably tense.
• Some people are eager to help family and friends through difficult times; others find it very stressful.
• Some people feel comfortable complaining about bad service in a restaurant; others find it so difficult to complain that they prefer to suffer in silence.
• Some people may feel that changes at work represent a welcome opportunity; others worry about whether they'll be able to cope.

Source: ehealthMD.com

Signs and symptoms of stress overload

It’s important to learn how to recognize when your stress levels are out of control. The most dangerous thing about stress is how easily it can creep up on you. You get used to it. It starts to feels familiar – even normal. You don’t notice how much it’s affecting you, even as it takes a heavy toll.

The signs and symptoms of stress overload can be almost anything. Stress affects the mind, body, and behavior in many ways, and everyone experiences stress differently.

How do you respond to stress?

Psychologist Connie Lillas uses a driving analogy to describe the three most common ways people respond when they’re overwhelmed by stress:

• Foot on the gas – An angry or agitated stress response. You’re heated, keyed up, overly emotional, and unable to sit still.
• Foot on the brake – A withdrawn or depressed stress response. You shut down, space out, and show very little energy or emotion.
• Foot on both – A tense and frozen stress response. You “freeze” under pressure and can’t do anything. You look paralyzed, but under the surface you’re extremely agitated.

The following table lists some of the common warning signs and symptoms of stress. The more signs and symptoms you notice in yourself, the closer you may be to stress overload.

Stress Warning Signs and Symptoms
Cognitive Symptoms	Emotional Symptoms
Memory problems Inability to concentrate Poor judgment Seeing only the negative Anxious or racing thoughts Constant worrying	Moodiness Irritability or short temper Agitation, inability to relax Feeling overwhelmed Sense of loneliness and isolation Depression or general unhappiness
Physical Symptoms	Behavioral Symptoms
Aches and pains Diarrhea or constipation Nausea, dizziness Chest pain, rapid heartbeat Loss of sex drive Frequent colds	Eating more or less Sleeping too much or too little Isolating yourself from others Procrastinating or neglecting responsibilities Using alcohol, cigarettes, or drugs to relax Nervous habits (e.g. nail biting, pacing)

Keep in mind that the signs and symptoms of stress can also be caused by other psychological and medical problems. If you’re experiencing any of the warning signs of stress, it’s important to see a doctor for a full evaluation. Your doctor can help you determine whether or not your symptoms are stress-related.

Dealing with stress and its symptoms

While unchecked stress is undeniably damaging, there are many things you can do to reduce its impact and cope with symptoms.

Learn how to manage stress

You may feel like the stress in your life is out of your control, but you can always control the way you respond. Managing stress is all about taking charge: taking charge of your thoughts, your emotions, your schedule, your environment, and the way you deal with problems. Stress management involves changing the stressful situation when you can, changing your reaction when you can’t, taking care of yourself, and making time for rest and relaxation.

Read Stress Management: How to Reduce, Prevent, and Cope with Stress

Strengthen your relationships

A strong support network is your greatest protection against stress. When you have trusted friends and family members you know you can count on, life’s pressures don’t seem as overwhelming. So spend time with the people you love and don’t let your responsibilities keep you from having a social life. If you don’t have any close relationships, or your relationships are the source of your stress, make it a priority to build stronger and more satisfying connections.

Tips for reaching out and building relationships:

Help someone else by volunteering. Have lunch or coffee with a co-worker. Call or email an old friend.

Go for a walk with a workout buddy. Schedule a weekly dinner date Take a class or join a club.

Read Relationship Help: Building Great Relationships Using Emotional Intelligence

Learn how to relax

You can’t completely eliminate stress from your life, but you can control how much it affects you. Relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing activate the body’s relaxation response, a state of restfulness that is the opposite of the stress response. When practiced regularly, these activities lead to a reduction in your everyday stress levels and a boost in your feelings of joy and serenity. They also increase your ability to stay calm and collected under pressure.

Read Relaxation Techniques for Stress Relief: Relaxation Exercises to Reduce Stress, Anxiety, and Depression

Invest in your emotional health

Most people ignore their emotional health until there’s a problem. But just as it requires time and energy to build or maintain your physical health, so it is with your emotional well-being. The more you put in to it, the stronger it will be. People with good emotional health have an ability to bounce back from stress and adversity. This ability is called resilience. They remain focused, flexible, and positive in bad times as well as good. The good news is that there are many steps you can take to build your resilience and your overall emotional health.

Read Improving Emotional Health

Source : http://www.helpguide.org/mental/stress_signs.htm

Canon EOS 7 D

Canon's X0D series was, for many years, essentially the default choice for keen enthusiasts, professionals and aspiring-professionals who wanted top-level image quality and functionality without the bulk (or price) of a pro-level camera such as the 1D series. The 10D, 20D and 30D were hugely successful an popular cameras and you didn't have to spend long shooting with them to understand why. However, like every other sector of the DSLR market, there are some very competitive rivals, in terms of both price and features. Cameras such as Sony's A700 and Nikon's D200 and 300 have meant the most recent X0D EOSs have been held to higher standards and have found it a little harder to stand-out.

Which brings us to the 7D, a camera that seems determined to wrestle back the king of APS-C crown. At first glance it looks a lot like the EOS 50D - it's unmistakably a member of the EOS family - but a closer look shows that this is far from being the gentle refresh that we're used to seeing in this range. And indeed, this is intended as big brother to the 50D, rather than as a replacement for it.

For a start, the camera is built around a new 18MP sensor, but the thing you're likely to notice before you even fire a shot is the impressive new viewfinder. 1.0X magnification and 100% coverage offers a noticeable improvement over the 0.95X, 95% finder in the EOS 50D and puts the camera on the same footing as the D300S (Its 0.94X finder ends is essentially the same size, once the focal length multiplier effect of its fractionally larger sensor is taken into account).

However, the 7D isn't a 50D with a new sensor, viewfinder and revised body - other headline changes include a new AF system with a dedicated processor, dual Digic 4 processors and new shutter mechanism to allow 8fps continuous shooting and the ability to control groups of external flashguns using its built-in flash. However, the updates extend beyond these big-feature changes to include a variety of tweaks, refinements and additions. Make no mistake, Canon wants to be the default choice again.

Key features

• 18MP APS-C CMOS sensor
• 8 frames per second continuous shooting
• 1080p HD video recording with manual controls
• 3.0 inch Clear View II LCD screen with 920,000 dots
• 19-point AF system (all cross-type)
• 1.0x magnification and 100% coverage viewfinder
• Wireless flash control
• Environmental sealing

Curing High Cholesterol and Uric Acid. Menyembuhkan Kolesterol dan Asam Urat Tinggi

For those who have a problem with cholesterol or high uric acid, does not need to feel worried. Currently, there are many drugs that can overcome this problem. For those who want to lower cholesterol and uric acid without side effects or with the method of herbal medicine through health juices, contact Mr. Ame in +62-22- 7033 - 2001. Want to mere consultation or brainstorming disease problems, just contact him, who knows you are suited.

Buat mereka yang punya masalah dengan Kolesterol atau asam urat yang tinggi, tidak perlu merasa kuatir. Saat ini ada banyak obat yang bisa mengatasi masalah ini. Untuk mereka yang mau menurunkan kolesterol dan asam uratnya tanpa efek samping atau dengan metode pengobatan herbal melalui jus kesehatan, hubungi Pak Ame di +62-22- 7033 - 2001. Mau sekedar konsultasi atau tukar pikiran masalah penyakit, hubungi aja beliau, siapa tahu anda berjodoh.

Menghindari Termehek-mehek, ketika Cinta memang harus diakhiri...

Yakinilah, hidup ini hanya sekali saja. Oleh karena itu, lebih baik disyukuri, dinikmati dan membuatnya menjadi indah ketimbang meratapinya. Ketika Cinta memang harus diakhiri, memang serasa dunia menjadi gelap, bahkan seperti mau mati rasanya...

Cinta Harus Dimengerti - The Sabian Band

saat cinta memang harus diakhiri
saat cinta takkan bisa di mengerti
engkau tak lagi beri aku
kesempatan lagi

hapus rasa hapus cinta hapus kisah
kini engkau bukanlah milikku
meski takkan mudah untuk dilupakan
semua kenangan indah

Bagi yang mengalami masalah ini,anda punya 2 alternatif untuk mengatasinya, yaitu mengubah keadaan atau menerima kenyataan walau pahit dan menyedihkan. berikut ada beberapa tips yang bisa dijadikan jujugan.

• Berdoa, cari kehendak dan minta petunjukNya...Terkadang apa yang nampaknya sempurna, namun mungkin bukan yang terbaik untuk kita..atau saat ini bukanlah waktu yang tepat...Everythings happen with a reason, and There is a time for everything...
• Sukurilah semua yang telah dijalani, dialami bersama menjadi suatu kenangan terindah, tersimpan dalam hati..laksana sebuah lukisan. Suatu waktu nanti kita bisa senantiasa memandanginya..
• Kalaupun harus menangisi kepergiannya, lakukan saja sampai puas dan lega, tapi tidak perlu sampai terpuruk atau sampai airmata menjadi kering.
• Jangan berandai-andai dan berharap terlalu banyak.
• Yakinlah bahwa Tomorrow will be better and Never dies...
  
• Mulailah menyibukkan diri dng hal-hal positif.
• Membencinya hingga ke tulang sum-sum belakang. Cinta dan Benci bedanya hanya tipis sekali. Membencinya bisa menjadi salah satu cara yang paling efektif untuk segera melupakannya.
• Ambil kembali keping-keping cintamu di hatinya, semakin banyak dan semakin cepat, akan semakin baik.
  
• Mulailah hidup baru. Tutup semua lembaran kisah pilu.

What I want for my Birthday

Press and be Impressed.

with a unique touch screen and cutting-edge multimedia capabilities, the Blackberry Storm smartphones makes a great impression as you travel across town or to almost any corner of the world. Move your mouse over the glowing hotspots to the left to discover the great features of the Blackberry storm smartphones.

Wireless email Organizer Browser Phone Camera Video recording BlackBerry® Maps Media player Built-in GPS Corporate data access SMS MMS
	4.43"/112.5mm (Length) 2.45"/62.2mm (Width) 0.55"/13.95mm (Depth) 5.5 oz/155g (Weight)

Overcoming (Drugs) Itching for Diabetics. Mengatasi (Obat) Gatal bagi penderita Diabetes Melitus (kencing manis)

For diabetics, occasionally ever experience itching very excruciating on his body (feet, hands, head, another part of the body, etc.) . In fact, not infrequently, they often injury because of carded . Wounds for diabetics, could be a disaster. In certain cases, even up to the amputation of limbs, because his wound had become ulcers and rot. Do you want overcome the intense itching immediately ? Currently there are potion. Contact Phone No. +62-22-7033-2001 Mr Ame for more information. Undoubtedly, your problem could be solved properly.

Bagi penderita Diabetes (kencing manis), sesekali pernah kan mengalami rasa gatal di tubuh (kaki, tangan, kepala, anggota tubuh lainnya) yang sangat menyiksa. Bahkan tidak jarang, karena sering digaruk menimbulkan luka. Bahayanya, luka bagi penderita diabetes, bisa menjadi bencana. Pada kasus-kasus tertentu, bahkan ada yang sampai di amputasi anggota tubuhnya, karena lukanya sudah menjadi borok dan membusuk. Apakah anda ingin, mengatasi rasa gatal yang timbul tsb dengan sekejap? saat ini ada ramuannya. Hubungi Pak Ame no telp +62-22-7033-2001 untuk keterangan lebih lanjut. Niscaya, masalah anda bisa terpecahkan dengan baik.

Sudoku techniques

Sudoku grid consists of 81 squares divided into nine columns marked a through i, and nine rows marked 1 through 9. The grid is also divided into nine 3x3 sub-grids named boxes which are marked box 1 through box 9.

Scanning techniques

The easiest way starting a Sudoku puzzle is to scan rows and columns within each triple-box area, eliminating numbers or squares and finding situations where only a single number can fit into a single square. The scanning technique is fast and usually sufficient to solve easy puzzles all the way to the end. The scanning technique is also very useful for hard puzzles up to the point where no further progress can be made and more advanced solving techniques are required. Here are some ways of using scanning techniques:

1. Scanning in one direction:

In our first example we will focus on box 2, which like any other box in Sudoku must contain 9. Looking at box 1 and box 3 we can see there are already 9s in row 2 and in row 3, which excludes the two bottom rows of box 2 from having 9. This leaves square e1 as the only possible place into which 9 can fit in.

2. Scanning in two directions:

The same technique can be expanded by using information from perpendicular rows and columns. Let’s see where we can place 1 in box 3. In this example, row 1 and row 2 contain 1s, which leaves two empty squares in the bottom of box 3. However, square g4 also contains 1, so no additional 1 is allowed in column g. This means that square i3 is the only place left for 1.

3. Searching for Single Candidates:

Often only one number can be in a square because the remaining eight are already used in the relevant row, column and box. Taking a careful look at square b4 we can see that 3, 4, 7 and 8 are already used in the same box, 1 and 6 are used in the same row, and 5 and 9 are used in the same column. Eliminating all the above numbers leaves 2 as the single candidate for square b4.

4. Eliminating numbers from rows, columns and boxes:

There are more complex ways to find numbers by using the process of elimination. In this example the 1 in square c8 implies that either square e7 or square e9 must contain 1. Whichever the case may be, the 1 of column e is in box 8 and it is therefore not possible to have 1 in the centre column of box 2. So the only square left for 1 in box 2 is square d2.

5. Searching for missing numbers in rows and columns:

This method can be particularly useful when rows (and columns) are close to completion. Let’s take a look at row 6. Seven of the nine squares contain the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9, which means that 6 and 7 are missing. However, 6 cannot be in square h6 because there is already 6 in that column. Therefore the 6 must be in square b6.

Analyzing techniques

As Sudoku puzzle levels get harder you will find the simple scanning methods described above are not enough and more sophisticated solving techniques must be used. Hard puzzles require deeper logic analysis which is done with the aid of pencilmarks. Sudoku pencilmarking is a systematic process writing small numbers inside the squares to denote which ones may fit in. After pencilmarking the puzzle, the solver must analyze the results, identify special number combinations and deduce which numbers should be placed where. Here are some ways of using analyzing techniques:

1. Eliminating squares using Naked Pairs in a box:

In this example, squares c7 and c8 in box 7 can only contain 4 and 9 as shown with the red pencilmarks below. We don’t know which is which, but we do know that both squares are occupied. In addition, square a6 excludes 6 from being in the left column of box 7. As a result the 6 can only be in square b9. Such cases where the same pair can only be placed in two boxes is called Disjoint Subsets, and if the Disjoint Subsets are easy to see then they are called Naked Pairs.

2. Eliminating squares using Naked Pairs in rows and columns:

The previous solving technique is useful for deducing a number within a row or column instead of a box. In this example we see that squares d9 and f9 in box 8 can only contain 2 and 7. Again we don’t know which is which, but we do know that both squares are occupied. The numbers which remain to be placed in row 9 are 1, 6 and 8. However, 6 can’t be placed in square a9 or in square i9, so the only possible place is square c9.

3. Eliminating squares using Hidden Pairs in rows and columns:

Disjoint Subsets are not always obvious to see at first sight, in which case they are called Hidden Pairs. If we take a very close look at the pencilmarks in row 7 we can see that both 1 and 4 can only be in square f7 and square g7. This means that 1 and 4 are a Hidden Pair, and that square f7 and square g7 cannot contain any other number. Using the scanning technique we see that 7 can only be in square d7.

4. Eliminating squares using X-Wing:

The X-Wing technique is used in rare situations which occur in some extremely difficult puzzles. Scanning column a we see that 4 can only be in square a2 or square a9. Similarly, 4 can only be in square i2 or square i9. Because of the X-Wing pattern where boxes are in the same row (or column), a new logic constraint occurs: it is obvious that in row 2 the 4 can only be either in square a2 or in square i2, and it cannot be in any other square. Therefore 4 is excluded from square c2, and square c2 must be 2.

http://www.conceptispuzzles.com

Jumbo Hostel

History and curiosities

– This is the budget price alternative Arlanda has needed for quite a long time and also a new landmark at Arlanda offering a unique experience for the guests, says hostel owner and the man behind Jumbo Hostel, Oscar Diös.

Oscar Diös previously owns and operates the hostel Uppsala Vandrarhem och Hotell.

– I was getting ready to expand my hostel business in 2006 when I heard about an old wreck of an aircraft for sale at Arlanda. Since I had for a long time wanted to establish my business at Arlanda I didn’t hesitate for a second when this opportunity struck, Oscar Diös explains.

The airplane, a decommissioned model 747-200 jumbo jet built in 1976, was last operated by Transjet, a Swedish airline that went bankrupt in 2002. It was originally built for Singapore Airlines and later served with legendary Pan Am.

In December 2007, Sigtuna authorities granted a building permit for establishing Jumbo Hostel at the entrance to Arlanda airport. In January 2008, the aircraft was moved to a construction site parking where the first phase of the conversion has begun with the dismantling of the old interior, new paint and new decorations for the rooms. 450 seats are taken out and the plane is sanitized in its entirety. The hostel is built like any house, subjected to the same demands on climate control and isolation. It adheres to all common energy standards. Heating is achieved with an air-air inverter.

Summer 2008 the plane was towed to its final destination at the entrance to Arlanda where it was placed on a concrete foundation with the landing gear secured in two steel cradles. Here, Jumbo Hostel are a spectacular landmark as a portal to Arlanda offering a view of the landing strip. No visitor to Arlanda will miss the new hostel!

http://www.jumbohostel.com

Washlet

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